ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes irreversible destruction of nephrons leading to progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate. A preferential defect in Homocysteine disposal could hypothetically occur in CKD and subsequently lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. Understanding the status of Homocysteine and other parameters in CKD is useful in the management of the disease. Objective of the study is to estimate serum Homocysteine in CKD patients and its association with renal function and serum albumin in patients with CKD.Methods: The study design involves hospital based observational comparative study. The study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry in association with Department of Nephrology of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur between May 2017 to June 2018. 100 diagnosed patients of CKD, visiting the Outpatient Department of Nephrology were enrolled as cases for the study. Patients having cardiovascular disease, Chronic liver disease, Age more than 60 years and pregnant females were excluded from study. The control group consists of 100 age and sex matched healthy individuals.Results: The mean serum creatinine levels of case and control group were 7.50±3.74 mg% and 0.83±0.22 mg% respectively. The mean of serum homocysteine levels of subject group was 27.35±12.52 µmol/L while the mean serum homocysteine levels of control group was 11.06±3.52 µmol/L. The serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the CKD patient group. The serum level of albumin in CKD patients and control group were 2.86±0.86 g/dl and 4.10±0.58 g/dl respectively. A positive correlation was found between serum creatinine and serum homocysteine levels. A negative correlation between serum homocysteine and serum albumin was found.Conclusions: Findings of the present study exhibit that serum homocysteine levels are elevated in CKD in comparison to healthy controls and it is positively correlated with serum creatinine level.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Chronic liver disease is a disorder in whichprogressive destruction of liver parenchyma leads to fibrosisand lead to cirrhosis. Increased level of serum uric acid may because insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and oxidativestress which are the risk factors for progression of liverdisease.Objective: To estimate the levels of uric acid and evaluate itsassociation with the severity of liver disease.Methods: One hundred fifty patients diagnosed with Chronicliver disease, age between 20 to 65 years, either gender, wereenrolled in the study. Patients were grouped as classes A, Band C on the basis of Child Pugh score. Serum uric acid wasestimated and compared among the three groups.Result: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied and it wasobserved that there was a significant elevation of serum uricacid level with the progression of disease (P = <0.001). Apositive association of uric acid on applying Spearman’scorrelation, with progression of Child Pugh score was alsoobserved (r = 0.293; P = <0.001)
ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) can be defined as an estimated glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) of less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2for a minimum period of three months. CKD is commonly associated with various hema-tological abnormalities especially anemia. Aim: The present study was planned to assess the hematological variations in CKD patients as compared to healthy subjects. Method: Fifty patients diagnosed with CKD were enrolled for the study. Fifty age and sex-matched healthy subjects constituted the control group. Blood samples were collected for all subjects enrolled in the study and subjected to analysis including complete blood count (CBC) using five parts cell counter and renal function test (RFT), including urea, creatinine using dry chemistry, and potassium using direct ion-selective electrode method. Result: On comparison of the hematological profile, it was observed that all enrolled CKD patients were anemic with hemoglobin (Hb) less than 13g/dL in males and less than 12 g/dL in females. The mean Hb levels were as low as 7.50 ± 1.55 g/dL (P< 0.0001). Correspondingly, total RBC count of CKD patients was also low. It was also observed that platelet count was slightly low among CKD patients. However, the mean level was compara-ble with control group (P=NS). On further analysis, it was observed that among fifty CKD patients, 46% (n=23) suf-fered from severe anemia i.e. Hb < 7 gm/dL, whereas 48% had moderate anemia i.e. Hb between 7-9.9 gm/dL. How-ever, only 12 % (n=6) CKD patients suffered from thrombocytopenia i.e. platelets count < 1.50 lack/cmm. Conclu-sion: Hematological abnormalities may lead to several associated morbidities and may pose a challenge for mainte-nance of overall health status for CKD patients. Hence, there is need to monitor hematological profile of CKD patients specially those on dialysis so that any abnormality can be detected and managed accordingly.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder characterized by decreased levels of thyroid hormones. Anti-thyroperoxidase antibody is produced in autoimmune thyroiditis which inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Aims & Objectives: The study was planned to explore the significance of anti-TPO antibody in hypothyroid patients. Materials and Methods: 150 newly diagnosed patients, age 20-60 years were enrolled for the study. Patients were divided on the basis of antiTPO levels as anti-TPO positive(n=87) anti-TPO negative (n=63).Thyroid hormones viz. serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were compared between the two groups. Results: Mean serum TSH level was significantly higher in anti-TPO positive group. Mean serum T3 & T4 levels were comparable (P= NS) among the two groups whereas FT3 (P= 0.014) and FT4 (P= 0.003) were significantly lower in the anti-TPO positive group. Conclusion: Serum FT3 & FT4 represent the biologically active proportion of thyroid hormones. The present study suggests that lower FT3 & FT4 levels can better correlate with anti-TPO activity in patients of hypothyroidism